Friday, October 5, 2007

U.S. hospital program saved 122,000 lives - Health Care




U.S. hospital program saved 122,000 lives

Medical centers shared data as a way to prevent medical mistakes

ATLANTA - U.S. hospitals have saved an estimated 122,300 lives in the last 18 months through a massive campaign to reduce lethal errors, the leader of the national effort said Wednesday.

“I think this campaign signals no less than a new standard of health care in America,” said Dr. Donald Berwick, a Harvard professor who organized the campaign.

About 3,100 hospitals participated in the project, sharing mortality data and carrying out study-agsdhfgdfed procedures that prevent infections and mistakes. Experts say the cooperative effort was unusual for a competitive industry that traditionally doesn’t like to publicly focus on patient-killing problems.

“We in health care have never seen or experienced anything like this,” said Dr. Dennis O’Leary, president of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.

Berwick announced the campaign’s results Wednesday morning at a hospital conference in Atlanta. O’Leary was one of hundreds of industry dignitaries and representatives in attendance.

Medical mistakes were the focus of a widely noted 1999 national report that estimated 44,000 to 98,000 Americans die each year as a result of errors and low-quality care.

That year, Berwick �" president of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, a Massachusetts-based nonprofit organization �" challenged health care leaders to improve care quality and prevent mistakes.

In December 2004, he stepped up the challenge by announcing a “100,000 Lives Campaign.” He set a June 14, 2006, deadline to sign up at least 2,000 U.S. hospitals in the effort and implement six types of changes.

Click for related content

Report: ER care in U.S. at 'breaking point'

Perhaps the best known of the six changes was to deploy rapid response teams for emergency care of patients whose vital signs suddenly deteriorate.

Hospitals generally have teams that respond when patients develop sudden heart or breathing problems. That work is common in emergency departments. The measure was designed to make sure the service is available around-the-clock to other units, and to encourage lower-ranking medical staff members not to be intimidated about calling for help.

Another urged checks and rechecks of patient medications to protect against drug errors. A third focused on preventing surgical site infections by following certain guidelines, including giving patients antibiotics before their operations.

The hospitals also were asked to contribute monthly mortality data to Berwick’s organization, which attempted to track the impact.

Implement changes by 2007
The effort was endorsed by federal health officials, health insurers, hospital industry leaders, the A.M.E.and others. About 3,100 hospitals signed up, representing about 75 percent of the nation’s acute care beds.

About 86 percent sent in mortality data. Roughly a third said they were implementing all six measures, and more than half committed to at least three, Berwick said.

Campaign workers examined 2004 data for the participating hospitals to determine how many people were expected to die during the 18 months of the campaign.

They then checked the count of actual deaths reported. They also made mathematical adjustments for severity of illnesses and for volume of cases, to make a more fair comparison of the two time periods more fair. They also made estimates for participating hospitals that did not report data, Berwick said.

“This is estimation �" it isn’t counting,” he said.

Various estimates placed the number of saved lives at between 115,000 and 149,000, but the best guess was 122,342, he said.

Berwick challenged the hundreds of hospital representatives at the conference to continue to improve. He also proposed another goal �" all hospitals should implement all six changes by the beginning of 2007.

� 2007 . .


Thursday, October 4, 2007

U.S. food imports rarely inspected - Diet & Nutrition




U.S. food imports rarely inspected

Food and Drug Administration lacks resources to assure safety of fish and other products, experts say

WASHINGTON - Just 1.3 percent of imported fish, vegetables, fruit and other foods are inspected �" yet those government inspections regularly reveal food unfit for human consumption.

Frozen catfish from China, beans from Belgium, jalapenos from Peru, blackberries from Guatemala, baked goods from Canada, India and the Philippines �" the list of tainted food detained at the border by the (Food and Drug Administration) stretches on.

Add to that the contaminated Chinese wheat gluten that poisoned cats and dogs nationwide and led to a massive pet food recall, and you’ve got a real international pickle. Does the United States have the wherewithal to ensure the food it imports is safe?

Food safety experts say no.

With only a minuscule percentage of shipments inspected, they say the nation is vulnerable to harm from abroad, where rules and regulations governing food production are often more lax than they are at home.

“Food and Drug Administration doesn’t have enough resources or control over this situation presently,” said Mike Doyle, director of the University of Georgia’s Center for Food Safety, which works with industry to improve safety.

Last month alone, Food and Drug Administration detained nearly 850 shipments of grains, fish, vegetables, nuts, spice, oils and other imported foods for issues ranging from filth to unsafe food coloring to contamination with pesticides to salmonella.

And that’s with just 1.3 percent of the imports inspected. As for the other 98.7 percent, it’s not inspected, much less detained, and goes to feed the nation’s growing appetite for imported foods.

Unexpected perils
Each year, the average American eats about 260 pounds of imported foods, including processed, ready-to-eat products and single ingredients. Imports account for about 13 percent of the annual diet.

“Never before in history have we had the sort of system that we have now, meaning a globalization of the food supply,” said Robert Brackett, director of the Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.

Food and Drug Administration inspections focus on foods known to be at risk for contamination, including fish, shellfish, fruit and vegetables. Food from countries or producers previously shown to be problematic also are flagged for a closer look.

Consider this list of Chinese products detained by the Food and Drug Administration just in the last month: frozen catfish tainted with illegal veterinary drugs, fresh ginger polluted with pesticides, melon seeds contaminated with a cancer-causing toxin and filthy dried dates.

But even foods expected to be safe can harbor unexpected perils. Take wheat gluten: Grains and grain byproducts like it are rarely eaten raw and generally pose few health risks, since cooking kills bacteria and other pathogens.

Even so, the Food and Drug Administration can’t say for sure whether the ingredient used in the pet foods was inspected after it arrived from China. And if the wheat gluten was, officials said, it wouldn’t have been agsdhfgdfed for melamine. Even though the chemical isn’t allowed in food for pets or people, in any quantity, it previously wasn’t believed toxic.

How did the melamine wind up in the wheat gluten? Investigators still don’t know. Meanwhile, China is struggling to overhaul its food system and improve safety standards, but still faces major hurdles.

Farmers use pesticides and chemical fertilizers to build produce yields and antibiotics are used on seafood and livestock. Heavy metals also can be introduced into the food chain by widespread industrial pollution.

Increasingly, those foods are sold in a now global marketplace.

While the European Union, Canada and Mexico still top the list of food exporters to the U.S., China is coming up fast. Since 1997, the value of Chinese food imports, including commodities like wheat gluten, has more than tripled, to $2.1 billion from $644 million, according to Agriculture Department statistics. It accounts for 3.3 percent of the total food the U.S. buys abroad.

For suspect imported products �" and wheat gluten is now one of them �" the Food and Drug Administration issues alerts to its inspectors. The Food and Drug Administration flags Chinese food and other imported products it regulates, like cosmetics, for that extra scrutiny more than any other country except Mexico.

To safeguard its export business, China is looking at separating foods by their ultimate destination, domestic or foreign, according to Michiel Keyzer, director of the Center for World Food Studies at Amsterdam’s Vrije Universiteit.

U.S. government statistics suggest China still has a way to go.

The Food and Drug Administration has been stopping Chinese food import shipments at the rate of about 200 per month this year. Shippers have the right to appeal the detentions, after which the government can order products returned or destroyed.

How do you know the origin of the food you eat? The 2002 Farm Act called for fish, fruit and vegetable imports to be labeled by country of origin, though implementation for the latter two foods has been delayed.

Click for related content  Discuss: How can we improve food safety?Food and Drug Administration urges laxer labeling on irradiated foodsQ&A: What you should know about pet food

Meanwhile, the U.S. imports more and more, though the increase in value is partially due to the weaker dollar.

All told, the U.S. is expected to import a record $70 billion in agricultural products for the 12 months ending in September, according to an Agriculture Department forecast. The value of those imports will be about double the nearly $36 billion purchased overseas in 1997.

CONTINUED: Inspections not the solution1 | 2 | Next >




Tuesday, October 2, 2007

When Does Autism Start? - A news page for parents, students and teachers




When Does Autism Start?

Scientists are now looking for the earliest signs of the mysterious disorder as desperate parents hunt for treatments that may improve their children's lives
Christopher LaMarca for Newsweek
Family time: William Marquis, 11 (and autistic), hangs out with his sister Hannah, 6, at a support-group event in Los Angeles

By By Claudia KalbNewsweek

Feb. 28 issue - It's a winter night in Northbrook, Ill., and brothers David and Jason Craven are on the move. They're watching a "Baby Beethoven" video. They're bouncing on a mattress in their basement playroom. They're climbing up their dad's legs. David, 7, and Jason, 5, with their mops of brown hair, look physically healthy. But both boys are suffering from a devastating developmental disorder: autism. David speaks only about 10 words, still wears diapers at night and sucks on a pacifier. Jason drinks from a baby bottle. Neither one can vocalize his glee as he plays. Neither one can communicate pain or joy in words. Neither one can say "I love you."

Since their sons were diagnosed, both at the age of 2, Barry and Dana Craven have tried a dizzying array of therapies: neurofeedback, music therapy, swimming with dolphins, social-skills therapy, gluten-free diets, vitamins, anti-anxiety pills and steroids. To reduce the boys' exposure to environmental chemicals, which the Cravens believe might aggravate their conditions, the couple replaced their carpeting with toxin-free wood floors and bought a special water-purifying system. They even installed a $3,500 in-home sauna, which they think will help remove metals like mercury and arsenic from the boys' bodies.

Warm and loving parents, the Cravens spent $75,000 on treatments last year alone. "I'm willing to try just about anything if it makes sense," says Dana.

Related Stories•When Does Autism Start?•Autism: Willing the World to Listen•Autism: 'My Mind Began to Wake Up'In the six decades since autism was identified, modern medicine has exploded: antibiotics cure infections, statins ward off heart disease, artificial joints combat osteoarthritis. And yet autism, a vexing brain disorder, remains largely a mystery. Researchers still don't know what causes it, nor do they know how best to treat a condition that prompts one child to stop speaking and another to memorize movie scripts. With a tenfold spike in numbers over the past 20 years�"one in every 166 children is now diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)�"researchers, advocacy groups and the government are racing to improve the lives of children and their families, many of them emotionally and financially drained. This year the National Institutes of Health will spend $99 million on autism research, up from $22 million in 1997.

The Hidden Epidemic

and NBC News look at the issues surrounding autism, the theories behind its dramatic increase and the laagsdhfgdf on treatments

NEWSWEEK RADIO | 2/20/05Autism: Earlier Intervention

Claudia Kalb, NEWSWEEK Senior Writer and Peter Bell, C.E.O of Cure Autism Now, Los Angeles (www.cureautismnow.org)

•Listen to the audio•Listen to the complete showSome of the most exciting new work involves efforts to spot clues of the disorder in infants as young as 6 months. In the complicated world of autism, where controversies reign and frustration festers, a two-word rallying cry is growing louder by the day: early diagnosis. This week the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launches a $2.5 million autism-awareness campaign, "Learn the Signs. Act Early." The goal: to educate health-care providers and parents about red flags, to intervene as quickly as possible�"and to give kids with autism a shot at productive, satisfying and emotionally connected lives. "This is an urgent public-health concern," says the CDC's Catherine Rice.

CONTINUED1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Next >




Sunday, September 30, 2007

Five things you need to know about beef - Before You Bite




Five things you need to know about beef

In part three of a special series, 'Today' food editor Phil Lempert shares tips on buying and cooking meat, and gives the laagsdhfgdf news on food safety
NBC VIDEO•Five things about beef
Aug. 23: The "Today" show's Al Roker talks with the show's food editor, Phil Lempert, about buying and cooking red meat and about safety concerns.

Today Show Kitchen


By By Phil Lempert"Today" Food Editor

Phil LempertTODAY Food Editor•Profile•document.write('')E-maildocument.write('');

In the final segment of our three-part series “Five Things You Need to Know About,” we’re talking meat �" veal, beef, lamb or pork. Every red-blooded American loves his meat. Americans consumed almost 120 pounds of meat per capita last year, and of that, about 60 pounds were beef. “Today” food editor Phil Lempert was invited on the show to tell us about buying and cooking beef.

Buying
When buying fresh meat, always look at the package carefully. Make sure there is no leakage, that the package is cool to the touch and that the meat is firm to the touch. It should also not feel slimy in the package when you remove it to cook.

Beef that has more "marbling" (fat throughout the meat) is juicier and more flavorful, but it also has plenty of calories and fat. And it’s more expensive. Here are the three grades of beef:

Prime is the highest grade with the most marbling.Choice is the middle grade.Select has the lowest amount of fat.

Tip: Buy the select grade and marinate the meat. The acid in the marinade actually breaks down the proteins and makes the meat more tender.

Grass-fed beef
For the best-tasting beef, think grass fed and organic. Grass-fed and organic beef is now available in most stores, and this meat comes from cattle that roam freely in open pastures and eat natural (and healthier) natural grasses and no grains. The meat is also free from growth hormones and antibiotics. Grass-fed beef has a different nutritional profile than conventional beef:

Half as much fatTwice as much omega-3 fatty acidsHigher level of vitamin E

Marketing trick
There are a lot of questions about carbon monoxide being added to ground beef to make "old" beef look fresh. The truth is that the use of "modified atmosphere" packaging for meats started back in the 1960s. What actually happens is that oxygen is removed from the package �" it’s the oxygen that creates discoloring. Then a small amount of carbon monoxide is pumped into the package �" actually 0.4 percent is the maximum amount allowed by law.

Retailers across the country are refusing to sell meats processed this way since consumers have discovered it. However, it is a proven technology that is safe. You should always buy the freshest (or frozen) ground beef that you can.

Before You Bite with Phil Lempert•Taking the fizz out of pop: 5 soda alternatives•Food safety: It's all about trust•Caffeine's cancer-fighting benefits touted•Bottled water labels don't tell the whole story•Five things you need to know about summer drinks

If you want to be 100 percent sure that the ground beef you are buying does not contain any carbon monoxide, buy ground beef in a "chub" package. These packages, which resemble a small salami or sausage package, are light-safe and vacuum-packaged, so that light and oxygen does not discolor the meat.

Food safety
The U.S. Department of Agriculture has gone on record to say that they believe there are at maximum a total of four to seven cases of mad cow here in the U.S. In fact, the Japanese government just recently relaxed their ban on U.S. beef imports, because USDA seems to have put in place procedures that are strong enough to prevent beef with mad cow entering our food supply.

However, beginning in late August, USDA is actually cutting agsdhfgdfing down to just 110 cows a day. For perspective, prior to that they were agsdhfgdfing about 1,000 cows a day. There are 35 million cattle in the country that are slaughtered annually.

Phil Lempert is food editor of the “Today” show. He welcomes questions and comments, which can be sent to phil.lempert@nbc.com or by using the mail box below. For more about the laagsdhfgdf trends on the supermarket shelves, visit Phil’s Web site at SuperMarketGuru.com.

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Health officials detain Chinese seafood - More Health News




Food and Drug Administration detains Chinese seafood due to drug fears

Five species agsdhfgdfed for chemicals; U.S. says no immediate threat
Free video•Food and Drug Administration places warning on some Chinese fish
June 29: Federal officials warn against some fish from China. NBC's George Lewis reports.

Today show


WASHINGTON - Farmed seafood joined tires, toothpaste and toy trains on the list of tainted and defective products from China that could be hazardous to a person’s health.

Federal health officials said Thursday that they were detaining three types of Chinese fish �" catfish, basa and dace �" as well as shrimp and eel after repeated agsdhfgdfing has turned up contamination with drugs unapproved in the United States for use in farmed seafood.

The officials said there was no immediate health risk and stopped short of ordering an outright ban.

The Food and Drug Administration announcement was only the laagsdhfgdf in an expanding series of problems with imported Chinese products that seemingly permeate U.S. society.

Beyond the fish, federal regulators have warned consumers in recent weeks about lead paint in toy trains, defective tires, and toothpaste made with diethylene glycol, a toxic ingredient more commonly found in antifreeze. All the products were imported from China.

This spring, 154 brands of pet food were recalled after tainted ingredients that killed an unknown number of cats and dogs were traced to two Chinese companies by the Food and Drug Administration.

China guarantees safety
China, meanwhile, insisted Thursday that the safety of its products was “guaranteed,” making a rare direct comment on spreading international fears over tainted and adulterated exports.

Food and Drug Administration officials said the levels of the drugs in the seafood was low. The Food and Drug Administration isn’t asking for stores or consumers to toss any of the suspect seafood.

“In order to get cancer in lab animals you have to feed fairly high levels of the drug over a long term,” said Dr. David Acheson, the Food and Drug Administration’s assistant commissioner for food protection. “We’re talking not days, weeks, not even months but years. At these levels you might not reach that level, but we don’t want to take a chance.”

He added, “We don’t want to be alarmist here. ... it’s a low likelihood.”

Click for related content

Contaminated Chinese toothpaste had wider reach
Tainted Chinese goods could lead to trade war

The Food and Drug Administration said sampling of Chinese imported fish between October and May repeatedly found traces of the antibiotics nitrofuran and fluoroquinolone, as well as the antifungals malachite green and gentian violet. Of particular concern are the fluoroquinolones, a family of widely used human antibiotics that the Food and Drug Administration forbids in seafood in part to prevent bacteria from developing resistance to these important drugs. The best known example is ciprofloxacin, sold as Cipro, which made headlines as a treatment during the 2001 anthrax attacks.

The Food and Drug Administration will allow individual shipments of the five seafood species into the country if a company can show the products are free of residues of these drugs.

“This action will put a hold on the products of concern at the port of entry. This shifts the burden of proof back to the importer to prove to us that it is safe,” Acheson said.

Not a new concern
NBC video•Safety of Chinese exports growing concern
June 28: China insisted Thursday the safety of its products was “guaranteed,” in light of spreading international fears over tainted and adulterated exports.

Nightly News

China is the third largest exporter of seafood to the United States, according to the Food and Drug Administration. More than half of its global seafood exports are farmed. But only about 5 percent of farmed Chinese fish is inspected by the Food and Drug Administration, agency officials said.

The use of drugs in foreign fish farming operations has long been a concern of federal and state regulators. Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi recently banned imports of catfish from China after agsdhfgdfs detected antibiotics not approved for use in humans.

“Clearly the addition of these drugs, it’s a deliberate event,” Margaret Glavin, the Food and Drug Administration’s associate commissioner for regulatory affairs, told reporters. “If they stop adding them the problem is going to go away.”

The Food and Drug Administration acted after finding problems with 15 percent of the Chinese seafood it agsdhfgdfed. Glavin said the Food and Drug Administration also has found companies in the Philippines and Mexico using the drugs and has issued similar import alerts for those firms’ products.

MORE FROM .COM

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First Read: Laagsdhfgdf from the '08 campaign

� 2007 . .


Saturday, September 29, 2007

Reynolds: Pounding on Pat - Glenn Reynolds




Pounding on Pat

• May 12, 2005 | 10:18 PM ET

Pat Buchanan has stepped in it.  His most recent column for WorldNet Daily suggests that World War II wasn't worth it.  Hitler wasn't all that bad, argues Buchanan, and anyway Stalin, our ally, was worse.

This has produced a blogospheric pile-on of awe-inspiring proportions.  First comes Stephen Green, who writes:

It took 40 years, but today Pat Buchanan hit bottom on the slippery slope from Young Turk conservative columnist to Nazi Apologist troglodyte.

Clayton Cramer thinks Buchanan is being deliberately misleading in his historical analysis:

I will tell you, if this was an essay written by a high school student, or even a college student, I would assume that he did not understand the history of that time.  But Pat Buchanan knows better.  I have long resisted the popular leftist view that Pat Buchanan is an anti-Semite. Reading essays like this makes such a position more and more sensible.

And the folks at InstaPunk live up to their name with a savage attack set to music.  I won't even try to describe it; you'll just have to read it.

Me, I think that although "counterfactual history" is always fun -- I'm a big fan of writers like Harry Turtledove who write in that genre -- I think we came out of the 20th Century better than anyone could reasonably have expected:  No global thermonuclear wars, no epidemics of biowar-engineered smallpox, and, by the turn of the millennium, no nasty globe-spanning tyrannies grinding humanity under their boots.

Though the soldiers, diplomats and politicians who got us here made plenty of mistakes along the way, it could have turned out far worse.

And, hey:  If Pat Buchanan had managed to get elected President, it just might have...

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• May 11, 2005 | 1:09 AM ET

Georgia on my mind

George W. Bush went to Georgia -- the original one, not the state -- and got an interesting reception.  The New York Times called his performance "Elvis-like," and The Washington Post reported:

Landing here for the final stop on a five-day European trip, President Bush found himself overwhelmed by an enthusiastic welcome the likes of which he doesn't get in many countries.  Between the fireworks and folk dancing, Bush got so into the spirit that he wound up throwing out his schedule, staying out late and even wiggling his hips in a decidedly un-Bush-like dance move.

"Un-Bush-like?"  These guys haven't been surfing the Web enough!

But in fact, Elvis allusions aside (and Elvis's role in fighting totalitarianism is worth noting), Bush's visit to Georgia was an important signal to the Georgians -- and, even more important, to Vladimir Putin -- that the United States will continue to support freedom and democracy in the countries of the former Soviet Union.  That's especially important at the moment, with Soviet-era nostalgia resurgent in Moscow.

Human-rights bloggers Publius and Gateway Pundit have more thoughts about what's going on.  It's a dance, of sorts, but the stakes are higher than they were for Elvis.

• May 9, 2005 | 5:20 PM ET

Big media on the run?
Plus: Media worth getting out of bed for

Do blogs and other alternative media have traditional media organizations running scared?  Some people are saying so, but I think there's more going on than fear.  Still it's clear that the blogosphere is having an impact.

This past weekend I attended the BlogNashville conference at Belmont University, billed as the largest blogging conference to date.  (You can read more about the conference, and see video that I took, here).  There were some representatives of Big Media organizations there, one of whom said straighforwardly "I'm here out of fear," but others of whom were looking for ways to incorporate blogs, and bloggers, into their operations.

Meanwhile, Big Media folks are criticizing bloggers.  Adam Cohen writes in the New York Times that bloggers need to emulate Big Media ethical codes, a claim that has gotten a chilly reception from bloggers.  Tim Worstall comments:

That he uses, as his first example of a blog The Drudge Report shows that he hasn't quite grasped the basics of the field, for of course Drudge is not a blog.

Blogging law professor Ann Althouse is also unimpressed with Cohen:

Please. The journalistic code didn't keep Jordan and Rather in line.

It was the bloggers, invoking their own standards -- not a code but an evolving culture -- that called them to account. Any bloggers with any kind of high profile will be similarly called to account if they violate the blogosphere's cultural norms. And Jordan and Rather can take up blogging any minute they want. Our practice is open to anyone who wants to join.

The difference is, there's no pedestal to jump right on top of and have an instant readership as there is when you're hired on by mainstream media. We only have the readership we can attract with the strength of our own writing. We have to build that readership and keep it with constant writing. No one would ever be in a position to invoke a rule and fire us. It's all a matter of whether the readers stay or go. In a sense, we're constantly getting hired and fired in tiny increments as individuals decide whether or not to click to our sites one more time. We're living on the edge. Mainstream journalists can whine and look on with jealousy over the things that bind them and not us, but they've got their pedestal and their paycheck, and we don't.
We deserve to be different.

Twisting the knife, K.G. Schneider of The Free Range Librarian accuses Cohen of sloppiness:

Cohen then bloviates through a stream of blogging generalizations, prefaced with statements such as "Bloggers often," "as bloggers well know," or "most bloggers."  At one point he refers to "the world of bloggers" (where "few rules apply"), which sounds like such an exciting, edgy place to visit I eagerly await Expedia's announcement of a trip package to Blogville.

I realize Cohen's column is just commentary on the opinion page of the national newspaper of record, but where are the facts grounding this piece? "It is hard to know who many bloggers are," states Cohen, a comment I read in his article which at last count has already been linked to dozens of blogs written by people with painfully thorough "about pages" and blog names as eponymously transparent as Grant's Tomb. Let me ask you, Adam: who do you think writes Edcone.com?
...
Finally, I realize that anyone who's anyone should know who Adam Cohen is, but an article touting transparency (which I agree is a good thing) could at least include a link to his online bio, which makes it abundantly clear why he can't see beyond the hypoxic horizons of his quaintly clubby little world.

A bit harsh, but then criticizing bloggers is a risky business.

On the other hand, bloggers are widely praising the New York Times' new effort to put its house in order in response to increasing public distrust that stems, in no small part, from blogospheric criticism.  Jeff Jarvis has a roundup of reactions.

My own is that journalists sometimes turn to bloggers in frustration and ask "what do you want from us?"  And the answer is always:  "To report accurately and honestly, and not confuse factual reporting with opinion."  If the Times does that, bloggers will be among its best friends.

FREE VIDEO•Pajama Media, Part 1
Glenn Reynolds and his Pajama Media colleages talk with CNBC's Lawrence Kudlow about a new blog news service.

CNBC

FREE VIDEO•Pajama Media, Part 2
Glenn Reynolds and his Pajama Media colleages talk with CNBC's Lawrence Kudlow about a new blog news service.

CNBC

• May 5, 2005 | 8:09 PM ET

Objectively pro-cancer

George Orwell once said of pacifists during World War II that they were "objectively pro-Fascist," meaning that whether or not they personally wished to see Nazism and the like triumph, their behavior made such a triumph more likely.

In the same way, one might call the Family Research Council "objectively pro-cancer."  Cervical cancer is a major killer of women worldwide.  In the United States and in other developed countries it's usually caught before the deadly stage, if women are careful about getting agsdhfgdfed.  In less developed countries, that's not the case, as such agsdhfgdfs are hard to come by and too expensive.  Cervical cancer is caused by some strains of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), other strains of which cause genital warts.

Now there's a vaccine against both and, at least according to this report from The New Scientist, some people are against it because it might lead to more sex:

"Abstinence is the best way to prevent HPV," says Bridget Maher of the Family Research Council, a leading Christian lobby group that has made much of the fact that, because it can spread by skin contact, condoms are not as effective against HPV as they are against other viruses such as HIV.

"Giving the HPV vaccine to young women could be potentially harmful, because they may see it as a licence to engage in premarital sex," Maher claims.

The message being, I guess, that cancer isn't all bad, at least if it inspires enough fear to keep people celibate.  But where will this end?  As Eugene Volokh observes:

I wonder how far the Family Research Council would take this. The availability of antibiotic cure for syphilis, gonorrhea, and other bacterial sexually transmitted diseases similarly decreases the cost of sex, and may thus increase people's tendency to engage in sex.

The effect is probably greater, since those diseases are better known, I think, than HPV. The prospect that cure will be available seems as likely (or as unlikely) to be seen "as a licence to engage in premarital sex" as vaccination against HPV would be. (One generally vaccinates against viruses and uses antibiotics against bacteria, but I'd think that the attitude-altering effect of the two would be similar, even if not completely identical.) Would the FRC urge that people not be offered cure for these diseases?

Personally, I'm a fan of both vaccines and premarital sex.  I've had a lot of both over the years and I think I'm better for the experience.

If the Family Research Council opposes one or both, they should feel free to encourage people to avoid them  But if they want to discourage the development and availability of vaccines because they'd rather see people live in fear of avoidable diseases, then they're not going to have much room to complain when people accuse them of wanting to turn back the clock -- and of being motivated more by opposition to sex than by support for families.

• May 3, 2005 | 10:41 PM ET

Filibuster-o-rama

I actually don't find the judicial confirmation wars all that exciting.  I thought that Robert Bork didn't deserve to be on the Supreme Court.  (You can read a rather lengthy critique of Bork's ideas, by me, here).  I also agree with Randy Barnett that Doug Ginsburg, who was named after Bork, should have been confirmed.

The whole judicial-confirmation business has been an unending circus of partisan backbiting ever since, and the prospects for improvement seem dim, but some people are trying.  There's been an interesting dialogue between Mickey Kaus and blogger TigerHawk on what should be done about filibusters, but Patterico has come up with an interesting suggestion:

My proposal is premised on a fundamental and indisputable fact: never in the history of this country has either party used the filibuster to deny a floor vote to any judicial nominee who had clear majority support in the Senate. All of President Bush's nominees would win a floor vote if one took place. Preventing a floor vote under these circumstances is unprecedented.

I propose that the Republican majority highlight this fact, by forcing a floor vote on a non-binding resolution of support for each nominee who has been the victim of a Democrat filibuster. The Republicans could force this vote by using the same parliamentary tactics that they propose to use to force a floor vote on the nominations themselves. But the resolution I propose would not have any real-world effect, other then to force all 100 Senators to state publicly whether they would support a particular nominee �" yes or no.

Most nominees, Patterico suggests, would get majority support, making clear that the filibusterers were blocking the Senate.  To me, this seems just a bit too clever, but it certainly would stress the anti-majoritarian nature of the filibuster.

Personally, I'm skeptical that this problem will be solved, short of one party or the other getting a filibuster-proof majority.  But it's too bad because the federal courts -- as I've noted before -- need attention.  But they're getting the wrong kind.

• May 3, 2005 | 1:29 AM ET

Let them talk (and talk and talk)

Everybody's talking about filibusters in the Senate.  It's hard for me to get too excited about this issue, really, but since people keep asking, here are some thoughts:

First, there's nothing sacred about the filibuster.  It's not in the Constitution, and the Senate is free to change it whenever enough Senators want to.  It's a tradition, sure, but so was the classic seniority system, which was scrapped in the 1970s when Congress and the public decided it was a bad idea.

Is the filibuster a bad idea?  As someone who believes that, most of the time, the less that Congress does the better off the country is, I'm inclined to favor anything that clogs the pipes.  On the other hand, sooner or later the business of the nation needs to get done.  The thing about traditions, as opposed to constitutional provisions, is that they carry with them the implicit rule that people shouldn't overplay their hands.  The filibuster is a tool that lets the minority block things that are exceptionally objectionable, but it's not supposed to be a tool for the minority to block the majority across the board. 

On Wall Street, they say that pigs get fat, but hogs get slaughtered.  The same rule against getting carried away applies in politics; the pressure not to overplay your hand comes from the fact that the majority can, if it really wants to, make you stop.  So if the Republicans think that the Democrats are overplaying their hand, it's perfectly fair for them to change the rules to make such overplaying harder.

My own solution would be to allow unlimited debate on judicial nominations.  If the Democrats want to block them, they can just talk and talk and talk -- though as blogger Tigerhawk notes:

The prospect of John Kerry, Hillary Clinton or Ted Kennedy bloviating for hours on C-SPAN would deter filibusters except when the stakes are dire, if for no other reason than the risk that long debate would create a huge amount of fodder for negative advertising. If Frist were to enact the "reform" of the filibuster instead of its repeal, he would sieze the high ground. He could take the position that the Republicans are merely rolling back the "worst excesses" of the long period of Democratic majority in the Congress, and that filibusters will still be possible if Senators are willing to lay it all on the line.

Dick Morris makes a similar point:

Frist just needs to end the "virtual" filibuster and make the Democrats stage a real one, replete with quorum calls, 24/7 sessions and truly endless debate covered word for word by C-SPAN for all the nation to see �" and ridicule.

Frist should bring up a judicial nomination of little consequence for the nation �" say Charles Pickering �" and let the Democrats explain, at tedious length, why they are tying up the entire nation over a judgeship for Mississippi. While the public would possibly tolerate a filibuster over a Supreme Court nomination or over a particularly important piece of legislation with enormous consequence, they would never allow a filibuster over so inconsequential an item, and the backlash would be fierce.

To force the Democrats to filibuster over such a matter would be akin to the way President Clinton forced the Republicans to shut down the government in the budget fight. In the era of 24-hour news and cable TV, the Democrats will find that they cannot stage a real, red-blooded filibuster without hurting themselves politically each day they talk.

A filibuster would attract wide notice. Bring the cots into the Democratic and Republican antechambers and stage quorum calls throughout the night, as in the old days of civil-rights legislation, and the nation will notice. The Democrats will leave America to wonder why they are spending all of their time debating a judgeship in Mississippi when they are not addressing the problems of healthcare, energy, gas prices, the economy, Social Security reform and the preservation and expansion of Medicare.

I think this is good advice.  What will Frist do?  That depends on whether he's got 50 votes for a rule change.  So far, we haven't seen those votes -- but if he doesn't have them, then that's a sign that the Democrats aren't overplaying their hand, isn't it?

� 2007


Friday, September 28, 2007

Drug-resistant germs on the rise, doctors warn - Infectious Diseases




Drug-resistant germs on the rise, doctors warn

Study: More Americans acquiring hard-to treat staph infections

Dangerous drug-resistant staph infections are showing up at an alarming rate outside hospitals and nursing homes in the United States.

New research found that in one part of the country, as many as one in five infections were picked up out in the community.

Until recently, these hard-to-treat cases were seen only in hospitals and other health-care settings where they can spread to patients with open wounds or tubes and cause serious complications. Now doctors are seeing resistant strains among inmates, children and athletes.

Researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suspected that those outside infections might just be leaking out of hospitals rather than emerging from the general population. But their study in Baltimore, the Atlanta area and Minnesota proved that theory wrong.

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Drug-resistant staph infecting more people

Germs 'now a community problem'
Overall, they found 17 percent of drug-resistant staph infections were caught in the community and did not have any apparent links to health-care settings.

“Close to one-fifth of what used to be a hospital-specific problem is now a community problem. And that’s a large number,” said the CDC’s Dr. Scott K. Fridkin. “We didn’t think it would be anywhere near that high when we started the study.”

Their findings are published in Thursday’s New England Journal of Medicine.

In a second study in the journal, researchers reported that drug-resistant staph has acquired “flesh-eating” capabilities and caused 14 cases of rare necrotizing fasciitis in the Los Angeles area. All needed surgery and 10 were in intensive care. The condition is usually caused by strep bacteria, and there has been only one other confirmed case caused by staph.

“The bugs are winning, unfortunately, and we need to catch up,” said Dr. Loren G. Miller, one of the researchers at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. “We really need to rapidly develop antibiotics to catch up with the bugs and start using antibiotics more appropriately.”

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Staph bacteria are a common cause of skin infections. Healthy people may carry the bacteria on their skin and in their noses. When infections occur, they are mostly pimples and boils, but the germ can cause serious surgical wound infections, bloodstream infections and pneumonia.

Three-quarters of the community-acquired cases in the CDC study were skin infections, but 23 percent of the cases were serious enough to require hospitalization.

Staph bacteria resistant to the penicillin drug family are called methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA.

The CDC researchers checked up to two years of lab reports for drug-resistant staph. More than 80 percent of the 12,553 cases were excluded because the patients had been hospitalized, had a history of surgery or dialysis or had another risk factor.

Children at highest risk
About 17 percent overall, or 2,107 cases, were determined to be community-acquired staph. The rate was 20 percent in Atlanta, 12 percent in Minnesota and 8 percent in Baltimore.

“When they got out in the community, it was felt these strains weren’t strong enough to make it on their own. That no longer appears to be the case,” said Dr. Henry F. Chambers of the University of California at San Francisco, who wrote an accompanying editorial.

The CDC research found that children under 2 were at higher risk, which could be because children get more cuts and scrapes. Blacks in Atlanta were found to be at higher risk than whites. In cases confirmed through interviews, half were in people who shared a bedroom, and only about one in 10 were in day care.

Fridkin said the study may have underestimated drug-resistant staph out in the community because not all cases are sent to labs for analysis.

Philip Tierno, director of clinical microbiology at NYU Medical Center, said people can help prevent staph infections by washing their hands, using an antiseptic and a bandage on all cuts and scrapes, and avoiding the sharing of towels, razors, clothing and athletic equipment.

“People should be aware that something that looks like an innocent infection might have a serious consequence,” said Tierno, who wrote “The Secret Life of Germs.”

� 2007 . .